FNU Effects of Adoption of Telemedicine Technology in US Research Paper Final submission (Due by WEEK 13) Phase Five (Final Submission – Worth 30 Points)Th

FNU Effects of Adoption of Telemedicine Technology in US Research Paper Final submission (Due by WEEK 13) Phase Five (Final Submission – Worth 30 Points)The final submission is basically the combination of the other four phases into one paper. This paper will need to be corrected with all the feedback provided from previous papers. Include on this paper a conclusion and learning experiences from the essentials and from the class. Submit via turn it in.com e-HEALTH ON IMPACT OF INFECTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT 1
“Advancing Healthcare through e-health: Effects of Adoption of
Telemedicine technology on selected areas in the United States”
Yulier Rodriguez Medina
Florida National University
MSN, Nursing Research
Preceptor: Dr. Barry Graham
February 1st, 2020
e-HEALTH ON IMPACT OF INFECTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT 2
Introduction
The world has been dynamic in different ways, and therefore, technology
advancement in various fields has ushered new ways of doing things. In various cheaply
devised means, people can meet their needs. Telemedicine is one of the new
development due to technological advancement in Healthcare. Being part of e-healthcare
is the administration of health care services through an online platform, thus breaking
barriers such as distances and maintaining patient’s privacy (Nwagwu, 2018). However,
Telemedicine being a new technology has sparked controversial arguments over cases
of complications on whether it meets all health ethics, pathos, and logos (Nwagwu, 2018).
Some of the complex areas of dilemma include the moral practice (ethos), economics,
and social value the health practice delivers to the patients. These dilemmas have
brought in many complications to medics in the provision of telecare through either
Telemedicine or e-health care. Nevertheless, Telemedicine has evolved tremendously by
effectively providing Healthcare to a huge population, extending the hospital care, and
significantly reducing the medical costs. By far, telemedicine services have been
benevolent to the patients though the technology is in its early stage of implementation
(Wicklund, 2017). Experts argue that Telemedicine effectively reduces congestion in
health facilities and reduce the physician-to-patient ratio when fully adopted thus easing
the problem of increasing bed capacity in hospitals (Gumbert, 2015; Arndt, 2018; Balis,
2018)
Problem Statement
In the event of incorporation of technology in providing quality health care services
as well as addressing the ever-increasing and challenging health problems in the globe,
Telemedicine has served to reach out to a broader population than the traditional
Healthcare in hospitals, communities, and clinics could reach. Surprisingly, world health
reports have successfully asserted increased levels of health problems despite the recent
interventions from scientific innovations and the use of advanced technology in diagnosis,
therapy, treatment, and provision of health care services to patients (World Health
Organization Health Atlas, 2017).
e-HEALTH ON IMPACT OF INFECTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT 3
Plausibly, there is an essence of increased attention by stakeholders of medical
services, medical practitioners, health care service providers, and patients, too, in
intensifying the awareness to all parties as a way of averting the daring malaise
(Nwagwu,2018). In response, there has been increased use of telehealth services such
as telecare and telemedicine facilities in the United States (Rajan, Tezcan &
Seidmann, 2018). Presumably, this is oriented on the fact that Telemedicine and telecare
provide a perceived, more patient-centered care, as well as affordable and friendlier
convenient health care services that are supportive to community and transcultural care.
Despite these rationally acceptable benefits, from telehealth, there are multiple of
challenges facing successful telehealth services such as government strict regulations on
the practice, evaluation of costs and procurement of reimbursements and further, the
benefits in comparison with traditional (standard) provision of healthcare services
(Vladzymyrskyy, Jordanova & Lievens, 2016). There is a palpable unending
discussion that medical and health care providers are yet to have a consensual
framework for appropriate application of low cost and highly beneficial telehealth services
that best suits the clients (Tumeh et al., 2005). In a bid to address this, the government
has taken measures that would necessarily position the telecare and telemedicine service
providers the optimum in the cost reimbursement and moderated payments across the
practice.
The unparalleled government effort in addressing health needs in a nonexhaustive pursuit has seen incorporation of, ACA, Patient Protection and Affordable
Care Act (PPACA) alias Obamacare and coming into effect of Creating High-Quality
Results Outcomes Necessary to Improve Chronic (CHRONIC) Care Act (Arndt, 2018) as
well as CONNECT for Health Act (Wicklund, 2017). CHRONIC care Act, which provides
the framework for reimbursements in telehealth, has been of the most use to telemedicine
health practice, with most of its effect being on the identification and practice, thus easing
the already set regulations on telehealth practice. These acts reduce barriers to the
practice of telehealth in the dimensions; Telemedicine and telecare. With the increased
traction of telehealth services in the country, there need to investigate cost differences for
the provision of healthcare services using the telemedicine approach compared to the
standard (traditional) means for providing medical services by the providers and cost
e-HEALTH ON IMPACT OF INFECTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT 4
benefits to the clients (Bali, 2018). This research presents a post-empiricism study of the
differences in cost for the provision of telemedicine healthcare services to both providers
and the patients using telemedicine healthcare data.
Research Questions (RQ)
(1) Are there cost savings associated with health care delivery between
Telemedicine versus standard health care means for the patient in the US?
(2) What are the cost savings associated with health care delivery between
Telemedicine versus standard health care means for the providers at Emory Healthcare
Center?
(3) How do the differences in health care delivery between Telemedicine and
standard health care means differ by the demographic characteristics at selected areas
in the US?
(4) Are there appreciable differences in health care delivery cost between
Telemedicine versus standard health care means among all-type patients living in the
US?
Significance of the Study to Nursing Care
A post-positivism quantitative study using case studies of selected telemedicine
centers in the United States serves to provide an empirical insight into the understanding
of extensive electronic medical data from telemedicine healthcare. By analyzing the
dynamism in the dataset obtained, the conclusions from the research will be able to
predict the future of telecare and telemedicine initiatives as well as providing the
framework for forming and executing policies which necessitate more adoption of telecare
services in hospitals, medical service systems and clinics (Gumpert, 2015). This research
positively contributes to social change in different ways. First, positive results from the
research; – asserting that there are cost benefits to the providers and consumers of health
services will indicate that there is a necessity to adopt the telehealth and telemedicine
services, which brings a social change. Secondly, the positive correlation among the costeffectiveness to producers and cost benefits to consumers will post feasibility to increase
e-HEALTH ON IMPACT OF INFECTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT 5
the number of telehealth and telemedicine facilities in the current hospital and clinic
systems (Nwagwu, 2018). Negative findings from data analysis of the research will imply
that the provision of medical services through Telemedicine means it is costlier to
providers and less beneficial to consumers compared to the ordinary means for providing
health care services. Thus, it is not a better option for adoption (Bali, 2018). Such
information to the public will serve as a tool for social change. Notably, findings from the
research will provide a paramount basis for making decisions regarding national health
policies for the states and country at large. Moreover, the conclusions from the results of
this study will serve as heuristics for some existing health problems
e-HEALTH ON IMPACT OF INFECTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT 6
References
Nwagwu, C. (2018). Bridging the Gap in United States Primary Care
Delivery by Adoption of Telemedicine (Doctoral dissertation).
Rajan, B., Tezcan, T., & Seidmann, A. (2018). Service Systems with
Heterogeneous Customers: Investigating the Effect of Telemedicine on Chronic
Care. Management Science.
Arndt, R., (Feb 2018). Chronic Care Act Breaks Down Barriers to
Telemedicine Use. Modern Healthcare.
Bali, S. (2018). Enhancing the Reach of Health Care Through Telemedicine:
Status and New Possibilities in Developing Countries. In Health Care Delivery and
Clinical Science: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 13821397). IGI Global.
Wicklund, E. (2017). CONNECT Act Returns, Targeting Telehealth Barriers
in Medicare. mHealth Intelligence.
Vladzymyrskyy, A., Jordanova, M., & Lievens, F. (2016). A century of
Telemedicine: Curatio Sine Distantia Et Tempora. Sofia, Bulgaria, Malina
Jordanova. 546.medicine
Gumpert, K. (2015). Telehealth services becoming popular with US
consumers and insurers. Reuters, 23, 2015.
1
“Advancing Healthcare through e-health: Effects of Adoption of Telemedicine
technology on selected areas in the United States”
Sampling and Reliability Phase 2
Nursing Research
Yulier Rodriguez
February 15th, 2020
2
Literature review
In developed countries the use of electronic medical system or services varies widely. However
the impacts of the use of EHealth across the world are almost similar. The introduction of
EHealth has improved people’s lives as well was the way of delivering services to the patients.
It is evident that the use of SMS messages or any other electronic tool of communication with
patient’s n between their visits is a way of improving health and psychological outcomes or
health results. In a test that was carried among different nation that uses eHealth system in their
health system have shown significant impacts on improving the appointment adherence rates.
After the democratization of internet in the 1990s the healthcare sector was among the first to
welcome these development and changes. This was despite the worries that are associated with
the use of internet for instance the problems such as cyber security and data breaching. In the
eHealth impact does not only mention the cost reduction but it also mention but it also has some
improvements of health care through a self-management as well as the prevention future
attenuation of the quality of care. Therefore the benefits of eHealth in the health system based on
the institution are effectiveness as well as efficiency.
There was a number of reviewed articles that were used including three peer reviewed. The
authors of the articles have been able to identify ways in which the health sector has been
impacted by the introduction of technology. Two articles discuss on how nation allocation of
resources polices affects the implementation of these services. Therefore it gives
recommendation on how the government should prioritize health care system when it comes to
allocation of resources. The allocation of adequate resources` will help in reducing the
challenges of adopting technology in healthcare system.
3
Methodology
The research has reviewed various journals as well as the articles on the eHealth and the
telemedicine that have specifically been considered in various countries. He research involves
various sectors such as EMRs EHRs among others. There were various methods that were used
to come up with this research. One of the designs of studies used was the identification and
screening. During screening various studies that addressed specific healthcare issues were
excluded. This was done with the intention of avoiding repetition as well as the overanalyzes.
Eligibility and inclusion is another ethos that was used in the review and be able to complete the
research objectives.
Sampling methodology
The research has been able to access different articles on eHealth and telemedicine were used.
The relevant sources and references were search by using sites such as Google scholar. The
direct search was filtered from 2016 to 2020 so s to be able to obtain the abstract of the full text
articles that are to be used in this research. Through screening the abstract of the articles were
used the methodological approach that was used in handling the information is by the use of
systematic literature review. It is through the utilization of resources through the utilization of
articles which now exist in process. Through the utilization of survey is an extensive, express as
well as the reportable strategy for assessing and recognizing the current literatures. A systematic
literature review was conducted in exploring the evaluation methods of the eHealth intervention.
From the library and other online tools such as the MEDLINE, EMBASE CINAHL has helped in
putting together the research. The articles found in these tools helped in putting together the
study and are able to identify the impacts of technology on the health care system. The use of the
4
inclusion and the exclusion criteria the various articles indicated the multiple barriers and
hindrances of using technology in the health sectors. Security issues were named one of the
issues that act as a barrier to the implementation of eHealth policy in the health sector.
Additionally, a lack of financial resources was seen as a problem too. Lack of finance led to poor
research in identifying the best policy to be put in place. Through this research, the result
indicated that the use of technological tools such as SMS messages, the patient turnout has
improved for a massive percent. Those with doctor appointments have been able to attend on
time. More so the use of eHealth and mHealth policies is used by adults.
5
References
Jacobs, R. J., Lou, J. Q., Ownby, R. L., & Caballero, J. (2016). A systematic review of eHealth
interventions to improve health literacy. Health informatics journal, 22(2), 81-98.
Latulippe, K., Hamel, C., & Giroux, D. (2017). Social health inequalities and eHealth: a
literature review with qualitative synthesis of theoretical and empirical studies. Journal of
medical Internet research, 19(4), e136.
Barello, S., Triberti, S., Graffigna, G., Libreri, C., Serino, S., Hibbard, J., & Riva, G. (2016).
eHealth for patient engagement: a systematic review. Frontiers in psychology, 6, 2013.
Granja, C., Janssen, W., & Johansen, M. A. (2018). Factors determining the success and failure
of eHealth interventions: systematic review of the literature. Journal of medical Internet
research, 20(5), e10235.
Chesser, A., Burke, A., Reyes, J., & Rohrberg, T. (2016). Navigating the digital divide: a
systematic review of eHealth literacy in underserved populations in the United States.
Informatics for Health and Social Care, 41(1), 1-19.
Running head: IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
Florida National University
“Advancing Healthcare through e-health: Effects of Adoption of Telemedicine
technology on selected areas in the United States”
Implementation Phase
Yulier Rodriguez Medina
Dr. Barry Graham
March 7th, 2020
1
IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
2
Introduction
When we take a stance on the developed countries, we will realize that the use of an
electronic medical system or services varies widely. But the impacts of the adoption of
telemedicine technology around the globe are almost similar. The project’s main objective is to
determine the effects of adopting telemedicine system on selected areas in the united states.
Under this particular phase of the project, we are going to implement the project.
A project implementation plan refers to the steps taken in moving the project plan into
action. It incorporates the goals and objectives of the project, identifies the tasks involved in the
project, identifies the responsibilities and roles, the budget involved, project timeline, the
required resources (statistical tools) monitoring criteria, and the acceptance criteria. The
objectives regarding the implementation of the project are that we will identify some of the
impacts of advancing healthcare through e-health, the use of telemedicine in different parts of the
world, and the effect on specific developed countries around the globe.
Project Organization
The research will utilize different peer-reviewed articles and journals related to the
impacts of e-health and telemedicine in different developed countries. The various components
that will be essential to the implementation of the project entail various sectors such as HER and
EMR. Identification and screening will be one of the methods that will be used in implementing
the project. The research project will be based on different historical data on the application of
technological advancement in the healthcare sector. The research will touch on the impact of e-
IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
3
health on cost reduction in the healthcare sector. The project will compare the cost savings
impacts related to health care operation between the standard healthcare and telemedicine.
Analyzing the demographic characteristics within the selected regions of the US, the project will
entail the difference in healthcare operation between standard healthcare and telemedicine
technology.
Implementation schedule/Time Frame
The time frame of the project will be arranged systematically, describing each schedule of the
project. Below is a table describing the time frame of the research project
Stage
Year/Time
Task
Research Aim
1
2020
Introduction
Defining the aim, scope, and
and Problem
objective of the research
Research Output
Statement
2
1
2020
2020
Research
Identifying various research
Questions
question on the research topic
Literature
Identify different authors,
Report that indicates
Review
sources (articles and journals)
the literary works that
that examine the adoption of
support the research
e-health technology.
topic.
IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
2
2020
3
2020
4
Case files
A review of the historical
Historical analysis that
Review and
data of the healthcare sector
supports the project
Historical
and their adoption of the e-
Analysis
health technology
Methodology
Identification of various
The appropriate
techniques such as statistical
methodologies are
analysis approaches applied
compatible with the
in implementing the research
research project.
project.
4
Results
Analyzing the results from
Assumptions and
analysis
the study conducted
recommendations
The research project will be conducted in different stages, having each stage addressing a
particular task.
Resources or Tools applied in the project
The research project will utilize different resources from healthcare sectors of the US,
such as the stored health records. The research will use both qualitative and quantitative data
IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
5
from the relevant sources. Data on the application of telemedicine technology from different
developed countries will be selected. The research will also examine the financial data of the
healthcare sectors to gather information concerning the difference in the cost of those sectors
applying telemedicine technology and the ones on standard healthcare. Also, data relating to the
healthcare system applying the standard health care will be collected. The research will utilize
different statistical tools to analyze the collected data. The best statistical tools that will be
utilized in quantifying the comparison between the two approaches will be the t-tests, ANOVA,
F-test, sample size determination, and regression analysis.
The t-testing also referred to as the hypothesis testing, will be used to examine if the data
premise is typically real for the data set collected (Ashby, 2019). Because we will measure large
data from different healthcare sectors, we might use a sample, and the trick …
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