Petroleum Engineering Petroleum Engineering Lab Report this is Lab 7 Lab manual Old lab reportexcel that you will use for my report(I’m group 4) for calcul
Petroleum Engineering Petroleum Engineering Lab Report this is Lab 7 Lab manual Old lab reportexcel that you will use for my report(I’m group 4) for calculations Additives
Group
NO.
Clay type
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Aqualgel
Lime
Desco
Aqualgel
Lime
Desco
Aqualgel
Lime
Desco
Aqualgel
Lime
Desco
Sample
Clay type
Mud cakce
thikness mm
A
B
C
D
Aquagel
Aquagel
Aquagel
Aquagel
2.5
0.22
1.1
1.7
1
2
3
4
mud
Water cc
Weight gm
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
32.14
2.857
2.857
31.14
1.4
2.1
32.14
2.14
2.85
32.14
3.57
4.286
◦F
71.9
74
67.5
75.1
Rmf
3.49
8.9
1.74
3.5
Sample
Clay type
30 mins calc.
Cc
76
61
47.5
59.3
Filtrate
0
mins
0
1
0
0
Filtrate
Rm
2.28
6.2
2.78
3.5
⏀300
1
mins
0
2
2
1
2
mins
0.5
2.5
2.5
1.25
Mud cake
◦F
67.6
74
67
73.7
Rmc
3.55
2.14
2.66
3.2
◦F
66.9
74.1
66
72.6
Sample
Clay type
A
B
C
D
Aquagel
Aquagel
Aquagel
Aquagel
30 mins calc.
Cc
4
6
6.6
4.8
EXP 7
Viscosity
⏀600
pH
PV
AV
Yeild point
5.5
8.8
119
43
59.5
33
34
47.5
27
26.7
37.1
20.8
35.3
47.3
24
Filtrate loss cc/min
3
4
5
mins
mins
mins
1
1.5
1.5
3
3
3
2.6
2.8
3
1.5
1.6
1.8
6
mins
1.7
3.5
3.1
2
7
mins
2.9
4
3.2
2.2
sqrt t
0
1
1.41421356
1.73205081
2
2.23606798
2.44948974
2.64575131
2.73861279
5.5
8
95
5.5
9
74.2
5.5
9
94.6
7.5
mins
2
4
3.3
2.4
FILTRATE VOLUME VS. SQUARE ROOT TIME
4.5
4
FILTRATE VOLUME CC
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
FILTRATE VOLUM
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
SQUARE ROOT OF TIME
Sample A
Sample B
Sample C
Sample D
OT TIME
A
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.9
2
B
1
2
2.5
3
3
3
3.5
4
4
C
0
2
2.5
2.6
2.8
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
D
0
1
1.25
1.5
1.6
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.5
3
Laboratory Experiment No. 7
Red Lime Muds
Objective:
To prepare and evaluate red lime drilling fluid and
filtration control agent.
Lab Procedure:
1.
Prepare sufficient amount of 22.5 ppb mud using
Aquagel. (Mix for 5 minutes)
2.
Add the required amount of lime (Mix for 10 minutes)
(Phase-2.)
3.
Use pH indicator to determine the mud sample’s pH.
4.
Add Desco in the required amount (Mix for 10 minutes)
(Phase-3.)
5.
Add starch in the specified amount (Mix for 10 minutes)
(Phase-4.)
6.
Prepare the filter press unit and fill it with your
sample. Use the instruction given earlier in the
manual.
7.
Apply 100 psig pressure and immediately start recording
volume of filtrate collected. Record filtrate volume at
every minute for a total of 7.5 minutes.
8.
Terminate the experiment at the end of 7.5 minutes and
properly discard the used mud.
9.
Remove the filter paper and place it on a flat surface.
Measure and record the mud cake thickness using the
caliper.
11. Clean and return all equipment to their proper places.
Graphs:
1. Plot volume of filtrate versus square root of time. Plot
one graph and include one curve for each group
10.
Questions:
1. What are the advantages of oil-based muds over waterbased muds?
2. List at least two ways of avoiding differential
sticking.
3. Define the followings: a. Filter loss
b. Thinners
Data Sheets: Red Lime Muds
Experiment Date:
No.
Clay and
additive Type
Group:
Additives
Water
cc
Phase 1
Aquagel
Phase 2
Lime
Phase 3
Thinner
Phase 4
Starch
Sample:
weight
gm
Ѳ 300
Ѳ600
pH
Data Sheets: Red Lime Muds
Red Lime Muds – Materials
Day One
Group 1: Phase-1
Phase-2
Phase-3
Phase-4
:
:
:
:
22.5 ppb Aquagel
Add 2.0 ppb Lime
Add 2.0 ppb Desco
Add 3.0 ppb Starch
Group 2: Phase-1 : 22.5 ppb Aquagel
Phase-2 : Add 1.0 ppb Lime
Phase-3 : Add 1.5 ppb Desco
Phase-4 : Add 0.0 ppb Starch
Group 3: Phase-1 : 22.5 ppb Aquagel
Phase-2 : Add 1.5 ppb Lime
Phase-3 : Add 2.0 ppb Desco
Phase-4 : Add 1.0 ppb Starch
Group 4: Phase-1 : 22.5 ppb Aquagel
Phase-2 : Add 2.5 ppb Lime
Phase-3 : Add 3.0 ppb Desco
Phase-4 : Add 3.0 ppb Starch
PNGE-312
Section# 002
DRILLING FLUIDS LABORATORY
Laboratory Report Grading Sheet
Semester: Fall 2019
Experiment Title: Red Lime Muds
Report Due Date: 10/16/2019
Student: Nawaf Alzahrani
Topics
1.Title ,purpose ,introduction
2.Equipment drawings
3.Data and calculations
4.Graphs
5.Results
6.Answers to questions
7.Conclusions
8.Neatness
Total
Possible Points
15
5
15
10
20
15
10
10
100
Grade
ABET Grades:
Laboratory
ABET
Matrix
a. Math. & Science Applications
b. Data Analysis
e. Problem Solving
g. Communication (Written)
20
20
20
20
Totals
80
%
Grade
25
25
25
25
100
Report
Grade
Correct Application of Math and Sciences
Interpretation of the Data
Solution Method
Format and Organization
PNGE 312: Drilling Fluids Laboratory
Department of Petroleum & Natural Gas
Engineering
(Red Lime Muds)
Experiment 7
Nawaf Alzahrani
Group 1
Objective:
The aim for this experiment is to know what the red lime can do on the drilling fluid.
Introduction:
The lab has certain steps to follow. First, the sample is ready to be mixed in the mixer with the
addition of Aquagel in 10 mins. Second, measure the density in mud balance. Third, use the ph
paper to measure the PH. Fourth, repeat the previous steps with adding Lime then repeat it with
the other Desco and Starch but there is no need to measure the PH. Fifth, measure the resistivity
and temperature of the mud. Fourth, setting up the filter cup then press it by using the pressurizer
and count it in every half min in 7.5 mins. Lastly, measure the thickness of mud cake by the
caliper. Finally, measure the resistivity and temperature of mud cake.
Equipment:
The equipment that were used in the experiment begins with graduated cylinder which the water
can be measured from. The weight balance for measuring the samples. Mud mixer for mixing the
blender cups that have the sample inside it. Mud balance to measure density in ppg. Resistivity
meter to measure resistivity and temperature. The pressurizer to cause the pressure. The filter
press to press the mud. Filter paper and rubber to make it tight. Caliper to measure the thickness
of mud cake.
Mixer and blender cups.
mud balance
Digital scale
Graduated Cylinder
Filter press
Pressurizer
Viscometer. Lime Paper
Filter Paper.
Caliper
Measurements Data and Result:
Sample
G1-P1
G1-P2
G1-P3
G1-P4
G2-P1
G2-P2
G2-P3
G2-P4
G3-P1
G3-P2
G3-P3
G3-P4
G4-P1
G4-P2
G4-P3
G4-P4
Clay
Type
Required
Concentration
Aquagel
Aquagel
Aquagel
Aquagel
Aquagel
Aquagel
Aquagel
Aquagel
Aquagel
Aquagel
Aquagel
Aquagel
Aquagel
Aquagel
Aquagel
Aquagel
Sample
Additives
Measured
Density
Viscosity
Measurements
AV
PV
YP
ppg
Water
cc
Clay
gm
Additive
Concentraion
ppb
Additive
ppg
600
cc
300
cc
600/2
cc
600-
300
300PV
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
32.14
32.14
32.14
32.14
32.14
32.14
32.14
32.14
32.14
32.14
32.14
32.14
32.14
32.14
32.14
32.14
0
2
2
3
0
1
1.5
0
0
1.5
2
1
0
2.5
3
3
Lime
Desco
Starch
Lime
Desco
Starch
Lime
Desco
Starch
Lime
Desco
Starch
8.7
8.6
8.9
8.8
8.65
8.6
8.6
8.6
8.7
8.7
8.45
8.5
8.7
8.6
8.6
8.6
25.4
93.3
104.3
29.1
110
59.6
59.6
31
77.3
81
22.2
88.5
76.7
16.9
59.4
66.9
19.3
72.4
36.9
36.9
21.5
49
51.4
14.3
54.8
60.9
12.7
46.7
52.2
14.6
55.0
29.8
29.8
15.5
38.7
40.5
11.1
44.3
38.4
8.5
33.9
37.4
9.8
37.6
22.7
22.7
9.5
28.3
29.6
7.9
33.7
15.8
8.4
25.5
29.5
9.5
34.8
14.2
14.2
12.0
20.7
21.8
6.4
21.1
45.1
Clay
Type
Filtrate Loss cc/min
Mud Cake
mm
0
1
2
3
4
5
mins min mins mins mins min
6
mins
7
mins
7.5
mins
30 mins
calc.
cc
A
Aquagel
2.5
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.9
2
4
B
Aquagel
0.22
1
2
2.5
3
3
3
3.5
4
4
6
C
D
Aquagel
Aquagel
1.1
1.7
0
0
2
1
2.5
1.25
2.6
1.5
2.8
1.6
3
1.8
3.1
2
3.2
2.2
3.3
2.4
6.6
4.8
PH
8
9
7
8
7
9
7
9
–
Resistivity, Temperature Measurements
Mud
Rm
2.28
6.2
2.78
3.5
Filtrate
Rmf
°F
71.9
74
67.5
75.1
3.49
8.9
1.74
3.5
°F
67.6
74
67
73.7
Mud cake
Rmc
°F
3.55
2.14
2.66
3.2
66.9
74.1
66
72.6
Sample Calculations:
sample G1-P1 its calculation will be below:
To get the clay measurements in gm
Mud in gm =
(22.5 ppb)(500 cc)
= 32.14 gm
350 ∗
To get 30 mins losses Sample A
T 30 mins = 2( 7.5 − 0 )=2 (2-0) = 4 min
‘ ’ = 600 − 300 = 25.4 − 16.9 = 8.5 cp
‘ ’ =
600
2
=
25.4
2
= 12.7 cp
′. ′ = 300 − = 16.9 − 8.5= 8.4 lbs/100 ft2.
Graphs:
Filter Loss
4.5
4
Filtrate Loss (cc)
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
SQRT(t) (min)
Sample A
Sample B
Sample C
Sample D
Discussion of Results:
As shown in the graph above, the graph illustrates that sample B has the highest value in
filtrate loss with the passing time. It appears to be the result of having low amount desco in the
sample which made it the highest value in filtrate loss. However, Sample A has the highest
amount of the starch which made the sample to be the lowest value in filter loss. The other two
samples have mixed amounts of starch and desco which made them average values between
sample B and Sample A.
Questions:
1. What are the advantages of oil-based muds over waterbased muds?
water-based mud can block the layers of low permeability and impacts the capability, but
oil-based not.
Oil-based mud can help the shale formation and it is oil particles can’t penetrate into
small organic and non-organic pores under the capillary pressure.
2. List at least two ways of avoiding differential sticking.
1- Maintain drillstring rotation always.
2- Trying to use the lowest differential pressure with allowing to swab pressure during
the operation
3. Define the followings: a. Filter loss b. Thinners
A. The volume of mud filtrate measured after 30 minutes in API static filtration tests.
B. An agent to reduce the viscosity
Conclusion:
Overall, there are two ways to play with the filter loss by using desco and starch. Desco is going
to make the filter loss higher (thinner) while the starch is to make the value of filter loss low as
possible.Lastly, the lime can increase the PH of the mud.
References:
Schlumberger oil field glossary https://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/en
Lab Manual-Experiment #7
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