Depressive Disorders Summary I have attached a pictures of a poster and a voice note talking about it.write a brief summary in your own words of the projec

Depressive Disorders Summary I have attached a pictures of a poster and a voice note talking about it.write a brief summary in your own words of the project’s aims, hypotheses, and findings. Feel free to also include commentary on any aspects of the project (e.g., strengths and weaknesses). Additionally, add at least two question about the poster and include the questions and their answers along with your summary. The questions should be specific to their research project (e.g., why they asked their research questions, the basis for a particular hypothesis, why they used a specific procedure).All of the above should approximate one page double-spaced. The Catholic
ver
Amen
Lab
Copyrilive
Department
Departm
Neurosciences
Affective
33
Background
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by chronic
episodes of low mood, energy, and self-esteem.
Bipolar Disorder (BD) is characterized by both depressive and
manic episodes.
Rates of MDD and BD are rising rapidly.1
Misdiagnosis is a large problem for those with BD and MDD
• Depressive episodes are similar symptomatologically
Most common first presentation of BD in adolescence is a
depressive episode; important issue in adolescence
Misdiagnosis leads to improper treatment, which can
exacerbate the disorder
Identification of biomarkers may aid in making diagnoses
earlier and more accurately.
The current study used fMRI in adolescent females to
distinguish neural differences between MDD and BD.
Females selected because of higher rates of MDD & BD in
females after puberty.?
Three separate tasks designed to probe areas of functional
deficits evident in depression:
Emotional processing
Affective interference (interference of emotional
information on a purely cognitive task)
Emotional
Positive
negative
neutral
presente
Participa
phrases v
close fem
“neutral”,
Example p
Negative: “Y
Neutral: “Yo
Positive: “Yo
•
Phrase
presentation
Res
1000 ms
Total trial
.
Pre-processed
Group analysi
Between-subj va
Within-subj var:
Ns: BD=8, MDC
Anticipation of reward/punishment
Methods
32 unmedicated, female adolescents, ages 12-18
9 patients with BD & 11 with MDD
All met criteria for a current depressive episode
BD: had experienced 21 manic episode in lifetime
MDD: no history of mania or 1st degree relatives with BD
12 Healthy Control (HC) subjects
No history of, or 1st degree relative with, mood disorder
Scanning conducted on GE 3T scanner
Imaging data processed in AFNI.
Exclusions: .25mm avg motion per TR
For each group
brain FWE corr
Emotional Process
Main effect of
temporal gyri,
BOLD respon
No main effects
.
.
Acknowledgments: Thanks
References: ‘Miret, M., Ayus
2-Cyranowski, J.M., Frank, E.,
Hommer, D. (2000). Neurolm
nowe,
ama Barnea-Goraly, M.D., Amy Garrett, Ph.D.b,c, Allan Reiss, M.D.b
“Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of America
Ement of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
partment of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio
O
.
All de
Face
time
Methods: Task Design & Analyses
motional Processing Affective Interference Anticipation of Reward/ Affect
Positively-valenced,
Participants asked to solve Punishment
??.
negatively-valenced, & simple arithmetic equation, Monetary Incentive Delay para
neutral phrases were
then select correct answer
(MID) tasks
fusif
presented auditorily
from 2 options presented • Participants respond as
Di
Participants identified how Equation preceded by quickly as possible to probe SC
phrases would make a
NimStim face
Probe preceded by cue
to
close female feel: “good”, happy, sad, neutral, scrambled Cue indicates whether
“neutral”, or “bad”
response on trial would
MDD)
Example phrases:
“gain reward” or “avoid
neutra
Negative: “You are stupid.”
punishment”
Neutral: “You are still.”
Anticipatic
Positive: “You are admired.”
Main ef
L medial
L mec
during
& loss
LIPL: E
Pre-processed in AFNI
Pre-processed in AFNI
Pre-processed in AFNI
respon:
Group analysis: 3dMVM Group analysis: 3dMVM Group analysis: 3dLME
Group x Cu
Between-subj var: diagnosis Between-subj var: diagnosis Model: diagnosis grp*cue*linear
L SPL/postc
Within-subj var: phrase valence Within-subj var: face type
trend; grp*cue*quadratic trend
there are gr
Ns: BD=8, MDD=11, HC=11 Ns: BD=7, MDD=10, HC=12 Ns: BD=7, MDD=12, HC=11
parametric
Arithmetic
equation
50 ms
250ms
2+2+1=
Equation w/ answer choices
Response period
2+2+1=
5 6
1950 ms
Cue
Phrase
presentation
Total trial 4000 ms
Delay
1650ms
Response period
Target
+3
[+12.30]
-1000 ms
Total trial 4000 ms
.
Examples of sad, neutral, & scrambled faces
Feedback
4
Figure adapted from
.
Results
For each group analysis, 3d ClustSim was used to calculate cluster size for p Negative > Positive phrases.
No main effects, or interactions with, diagnosis.
Acknowledgments: Thanks to Parmis Khosravi, Alyssa Parker, & Jonathan Penepent for assistance with data processing.
References: ‘Miret, M., Ayuso-Mateos, J.L., Sanchez-Moreno, J., & Vieta, E. (2013). Neurosci & Biobehav Rev, 37(10), 2372-2374;
Cyranowski, J.M., Frank, E., Young, E., & Shear, M.K. (2000). Arch Gen Psychiatry, 57(1), 21; 3Knutson, B., Westdorp, A., Kaiser, E., &
Hommer, D. (2000). Neurolmage, 12(1), 20-27;. *Held-Poschardt, D., et al. (2018). Psyc Res: Neuroimaging, 271, 111-117.
First study to
with MDD and
Important step
associated with
Affective Interfe
depressive neur
Reward/punishr
correlates of dep
Further research
differences in larg
er TR
1.D.b
IC UNIVERSITY
of AMERICA
Medicine
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LELAND STAN
DHE LUFTON
NOR UNIVERSITY
1891
Results
ard/
ive Delay
ond as
ble to probe
by cue
hether
al would
Affective Interference
Main effect of face type in R
parahippocampal gyrus and L
fusiform.
Driven by difference in
Scrambled response compared
to all other face types
All depressed patients (BD +
MDD) > HC for emotional vs
neutral face contrast in R SPL.
?
or “avoid
1650ms
Anticipation of Reward/Punishment
Main effect of diagnostic group in
L medial frontal gyrus & LIPL
L medFG: BD > MDD & HC
during anticipation of reward
& loss for $1 & $2
L IPL: BD < MDD & HC in response to all cues/values Group x Cue x Grading (linear) in L SPL/postcentral gyrus. I.e., there are group differences in +3 [+12.30] Target Feedback 4 Figure adapted from d in AFNI is: 3dLME sis grp*cue*linear * quadratic trend DD=12, HC=11 Main effect of group in L medial parametric changes to cue value frontal gyrus (left image) & LIPL Conclusions First study to compare unmedicated adolescent females Purchase answer to see full attachment